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There is also some interesting research with administration of coconut oil in dementia. I am not saying there are any conclusions yet, but it appears that the research is looking good.
Apologies for not addressing the original question but the Alzheimer's topic is actually of more interest to me. My bad :-)
As for minimization of practical effects, not much progress has been made. However, I think that we now understand how it happens on a fundamental enough level that I expect therapies to be coming out pretty soon. There has been work that delays the worsening of the effects, and my father is living proof of it. He struggles, but he has lasted a lot longer than anyone expected.
If Alzheimer's is easier than HIV, why are there already good treatments for HIV? Hasn't Alzheimer's been worked on for even longer?
It's good that you are able to work on a problem that is theoretical and yet still has such momentous practical implications right now, including for your own family.
"UBE2A, which normally serves as a central effector in the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system, coordinates the clearance of amyloid peptides via proteolysis, is known to be depleted in sporadic AD brain and, hence, contributes to amyloid accumulation and the formation of senile plaque deposits." That quoted sentence pretty much summarizes the research and development path for Alzheimer's disease. We need to provide a supplement to make sure that UBE2A doesn't shut down completely.
Think of UBE2A as the janitor that cleans up all of the extra amino acids after protein synthesis is complete. If that provided sufficient value to you, then consider financially supporting the Florida Tech Nanotechnology Minor Program as part of a value-for-value exchange.
The Federal Government has no business being in business. It has specific, enumerated powers and research isn't one of them. If the People want to pass an Amendment giving the government the ability to tax us and waste billions on their cronies doing research (put Alzheimers and HIV aside, lets talk about influenza!). This is just another National Science Institute.
I can talk to you about Alzheimer's disease research. I have done some. My family has a strong history of Alzheimer's, so I am well motivated.
(he should rest in peace) and he told me that every-
body got like that after 40.--But who knows? (My father had Alzheimer's. He died about 10 years ago. I went to see him, but didn't make it in time. I was told he had been refusing food and drink. (I believe he also had back pain from a fall from his bed. Maybe it was a sort of suicide. I also had the impression he had been depressed awhile).
(I did attempt CPR on the corpse, but you can't expect much success 7 hours after the fact).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Makes a 70-year-old dino wonder if he shall receive a diagnosis of the same certain very ugly death.
Contracting AIDs? Our former president may have lit up the White House with rainbow lights,
but save for a rare accidental contamination, contracting AIDs is knida like contracting lung cancer due to smoking, another life style choice.
As far as I know, you can't get Alzheimer's by putting something inside you, though rresearch may some day prove otherwise.
Who knows?
That said, it remains that government funding of scientific research has a justification. As you said: "Force has a valid role protecting us against all criminals, domestic and foreign, who would harm us." It was World War II that convinced the federal government - as argued well by Vannevar Bush - that there is no telling what lines of research will have military benefits. Certainly, in 1923 no one was thinking of atomic bombs delivered by rockets. It was not even science fiction. So, the government should fund all the research it can afford. And the only way we know to judge what has potential and what does not is to accept the judgments our best academics.
A contrary argument would be to rely totally on the spontaneous order of the free market. No market justiifcation existed for the atomic bomb project. The Nazi Germans, the USSR, the Japanese, all were incapable of it and we, the free peoples, had no need for it. People wonder why Gen. Dwight Eisenhower wore five stars. It was because of his analysis of the military industrial capacity of the belligerents. The free market works.
But it works because it is multi-valued. In other words, no one actor decides broadly for many other actors. Each individual, each business, each household decides by their own standards. Among the benefits of that is the diffusion of cupidity. As you said: "The first scientists working on a disease entity, and publishing peer-reviewed results, were chosen, of course, to sit on the NIH and other government panels (“study sections”) to recommend grant funding. They tended to recommend proposals pursuing the line of research that had made their reputation, not lines of research that might challenge or overturn their work."
The free market does not prevent that. We know that. Corporate boards make bad decisions because individuals err. Then everyone goes along. Call it "group think" - a warning label launched in Fortune magazine. I see it as the "Abiliene Vacation." No one wanted to goto Abiliene, but they each thought that the others did. It is not just evil Nazis and evil Communists who fall into line. Peter Keating was a heck of a nice guy.
Objectivism is better. It is not so much the epistemology and aesthetics and politics, though those are the expressions. The essential is the sense of life. Ayn Rand's fiction - Anthem, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged - influenced many millions more than actually adhere to the specifics of the formal philosophy. The power of Objectivism rests on Ayn Rand's aesthetic appeal to people of independent judgement.
So, for every corprorate board grouply thinking that there is no money in this research or that, we have a person somewhere who thinks that the money is not as important as achieving the goals of discovery and invention.
We make a big deal out of capitalism. No system seems better. But it can be said that capitalism is not a "system" but the absence of system. It is spontaneous order.
As for Alzheimer's you are wrong because you are relying on the wrong experts. "For Alzheimer’s, there is no treatment, no cure, no prevention. If you are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and ask, “What can be done for me?” the answer, in bluntest terms, is: “Nothing.” . I think that if you open the question here, you will find a lot of answers: the right food, the right lifestyle; nutrition, supplements, exercise, brain games... And for all of that, perhaps the best professor I had died of it, despite food, exercise, and lifetime of brain games. Entropy kills. And there ain't no cure for that. (... or maybe there is...)
Misdirected groupthink at the corporate level harms mostly the corporation’s stockholders. Misdirected groupthink at the government level forces all of us to pay for its mistakes, and spawns political initiatives such as “combating global warming” that cost us exponentially more in terms of government control over our resources.
Military research belongs in the military budget, nowhere else. The atomic bomb was directed research building upon known processes (nuclear fission and eventually nuclear fusion) and with a military end in mind. Government health-related research has no such justification. It does not contribute to the mission of a limited government in preventing force and fraud. It belongs in the free market.
The argument that “there is no telling what lines of research will have military benefits” cannot be justified in Objectivist terms. To accept this argument opens up multiple cans of worms, such as a vastly increased budget for a universal “free college education” on the grounds that it might produce the next Einstein, or vastly increased health-related subsidies on the grounds that they may save the life of a great inventor. You can even justify heavy spending on preventing climate change, on the grounds that “you can never tell” what will happen to the climate otherwise.
The fact that you “can never tell” a specific outcome does not mean we should sanction any government intrusion into scientific research other than that directly necessary to the mission of a limited government. As Ayn Rand said, “Free scientific inquiry? The first adjective is redundant.”
You are also wrong about the military need for medical research. Read about Walter Reed Hospital, but before you do, read about Walter Reed himself. It might be argued that we do not need government-paid military doctors, either; we could just let private agencies like the Red Cross handle war casualties. (Of course casualties during training might be a dfferent question, or maybe not.) If you want to discuss that rationally, based on the evidence, then we can do that.
A basic error in your approach (and in Walter Donway's) is to look at the literal wording of Objectivist political mandates rather than the reason for them. A strictly limiting constitution is just a statement of principles. No piece of paper will protect you from the mob. That is the very reason that Ayn Rand insisted that deeper philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics) must precede poiltics. And that is the foundation supporting my post above.
You misunderstood me as advocating for unlimited government funding for research when I did not intend that at all. I was only pointing out the flaw in the logic that there is no basis for government-funded research. Certainly, you must know the Springfield Arsenal. The rest proceeds from there. Rand said again and again that resolving such issues as whether the government can explore weaponizing germs - and defending against them - remains for the future. And we might be in that future of hers. So, let us discuss what is and it not proper government research.
As for the fact that corporations are no smarter than governments, I pointed out that the marketplace limits the errors that people can make. It does so many ways. One way is by allowing and encouraging avenues of achievement for individuals who do not work well within corporations. Any examination of the history of successful enterprises demonstrates the differences between Hewlett Packard and General Motors -- and how the former came to emulate the latter, and what happened after that.
As for the atomic bomb, you seem not to have examined the contradictory premises that led to such a horror.
I do not have any objection to government-paid military doctors.
Guess who funds the NIH.....big pharma.
Mull that over...