Universe: Created or Eternal?

Posted by j_IR1776wg 11 years, 7 months ago to Philosophy
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I wondered as a child whether the stories I was hearing in church (RC) were true or just stories. After many decades of research and reading, I am convinced that these two: Created or Eternal are the only two possible reasons for the Universe to exist. In another venue, I expressed my thoughts as follows:

It doth puzzle me
That the universe can only be
Created or here eternally.

Someone or something
Had to supervise diligently,
Was it God or Gravity?

The problem you see is that
No one understands infinity.

No Theologian, Philosopher,
Physicist or Mathematician has
Ever claimed to see forever
Forward or backward infinitely,

That is why I'll neither Theist nor
Atheist be till someone can enlighten
Me on this matter of infinity.


Since I believe that our five senses along with
Aristotle's logic and Galileo's scientific method
are all we have to correctly identify the universe,
I'm at roadblock. Has anyone in the Gulch thought this through to a more certain conclusion?





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  • Posted by Wonky 11 years, 7 months ago
    Great post, thanks!

    I don't want to oversimplify the conundrum or claim to have any answers... I used to wonder what was beyond the universe if it is, in fact, bounded. The, very strange, and obviously silly, answer I came up with was "blank paper". No better, really, than "turtles all the way down" in reference to that which a flat earth might rest upon.

    If our fundamental epistemological tools are integration and differentiation, and we apply differentiation to the question, I think there is at least a proper definition of "infinite".

    To perceive light, one cannot fail to perceive lack thereof..

    To perceive heat, one cannot fail to perceive lack thereof.

    In theory, every perceptual/conceptual differentiation simultaneously co-creates 2 opposite percepts/concepts... We can say: light and not light or dark and not dark, hot and not hot or cold and not cold, etc. In this context, the concept of "finite" was co-created with it's opposite. "Finite" is defined as "having limits or bounds". The concept of "finite" is definitely abstract in reference to something like the circumference of the earth - we cannot perceive it directly, but we can infer from more basic epistemological concepts that the earth, does, in fact, have a circumference.

    At any rate, this line of thought leads to the conclusion that "infinite" is an abstract concept defined as "having no limits or no bounds".

    Because there are finite things that we can perceive and finite things we can only conceive, "finite" should be just as troubling as "infinite". I don't find either to be very troubling these days, knowing that their conceptual structure is well grounded in epistemology.

    Everything is conceptually infinite until we can identify its limits or bounds, so while nothing may actually be infinite, there is still utility in the concept.

    I hate to say it, but you may have to wait for infinity to get a satisfactory answer... Wouldn't it be more productive to make a study of the finite in the meantime?

    As always, I'm open to comments and constructive criticism. Don't go easy on me if you disagree with my reasoning.
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    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
      hey word salad ;), we deal with the infinite all the time. the opposite of infinite is no finite, but really zero.
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      • Posted by Wonky 11 years, 7 months ago
        Hiya meanie ;). Honestly, technical writing was the only class I ever failed despite maintaining a 4.0 through my first 2 years of college and getting accused of plagiarism in a different literature course (I think, perhaps, for writing something too good, because the professor failed to produce any evidence) - maybe that's why I'm touchy about the word salad thing. I'll try to keep my posts shorter, particularly when using my iPad with tiny comment boxes.

        Is it poor form to cite a dictionary?

        http://www.thefreedictionary.com/finite
        Finite - 1.a. Having bounds; limited

        http://www.thefreedictionary.com/infinit...
        Infinite - 1. Having no boundaries or limits.

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  • Posted by richrobinson 11 years, 7 months ago
    I have often thought about that. Is it possible the universe or anything for that matter does not have a beginning. How can the human mind comprehend that. It's a question without an answer.
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    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
      I want to answer that. lol
      Very likely a Universe does not have a beginning. Why is that harder to comprehend than if it had a beginning? Because then you would have to answer the questions of what caused, came before the beginning?
      How does one comprehend their own death-and why is that any harder to comprehend than the whole of time before you were born?
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      • Posted by Lucky 11 years, 7 months ago
        Hi kh - answers depend on questions.
        What is north of the North Pole?
        What happens below the temperature of absolute zero?
        What came before the start of time?
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        • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
          good questions. my point is more about the conceptual computability with not knowing.
          If logic points in a certain direction, one must accept the direction it's heading in even though they do not have the "next" answer. Too often,, even our most celebrated scientists and mathematicians ignore evidence because they were uncomfortable with the implications. Why does Time have to have a beginning or start?
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          • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
            "Why does Time have to have a beginning or start?"
            Good point! Would time exist if we humans weren't here to measure it?
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            • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
              if you're an Objectivist, the answer is of course.
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              • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
                There is no objective evidence for the existance of time. In a universe composed of matter and energy in motion, what we humans call time is mearly the distance between events. If there were no humans to measure the distance, there would be no time.
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                • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
                  Speed of Light. Radio-Active Decay. Movement. Frequency of Light. all of these things happen(ed) regardless of whether humans are here to measure it not. Interesting about Time:In Physics most principles are Time reversible except for entropy, which is why it is often called the Arrow of Time.
                  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Kab9dkDZ...
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                  • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
                    Yes human presence is not required for photons to move at speed C. I guess what I'm trying to say is that Time is a human concept and not a physical fact. This leads to an excellent article title "Time - who needs it?".
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                    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
                      The concept of Time is inherent in the speed of light, just as gravity exists whether we measure it or know about it or we're around. "Existence exists" and includes TIME. to suggest Time is some sort of "artifact" is to make a statement such as the Earth is flat. What is your larger point because your logic is moving quickly (in time) into the up is down category
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                      • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
                        When Galileo dropped the cannon balls of off the tower of pisa, his students used their heartbeats to measure "time". When Romer circa 1688 measured the speed of light using Jupiter's moon Io, he used the ticks of a mechanical clock. They weren't measuring "time"; they were measuring heartbeats and clock ticks. There is no physical entity called time.
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                        • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
                          They were still measuring this very real physical phenomena. When we measure gravity, we are measuring weight or force-no difference. We use tools that are available to measure phenomena in Physics. Those tools of varying accuracy change, but that does not mean these physical parameters or forces do not exist.
                          You made me have to spell that word and I do not know how. twice. so now you get this
                          http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N_tupPBt...
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      • Posted by richrobinson 11 years, 7 months ago
        It's a question that is impossible to answer with any certainty. Like how do you throw away a garbage can? I guess we are here for such a short time it is hard to think in terms of billions of years.
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  • Posted by gblaze47 11 years, 7 months ago
    The universe doesn't appear to be infinite or 'steady state'
    See Olbers' Paradox here;
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olbers%27_p...
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    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
      now we talk about multiple universes. we used to talk about the Universe having an "ending point" now we talk about event horizons
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      • Posted by gblaze47 11 years, 7 months ago
        Okay, event horizon? Do you mean as far as light has traveled since the dawn of time? If the universe expanded faster than light, as many now claim, there is still much of the universe not seen that has crossed the light 'event horizon' still the universe had a beginning to have any 'event horizon', if it hadn't and we lived in an everlasting 'steady state' universe then all of the light would have reached us by now.
        Multiple Universe are okay because it allows you to then predict anything you want because ultimately there's a universe that exists that allows for it. Why so many like this idea is because then you no longer have to prove it, because it's in another universe that we don't have any hope of detecting or seeing.

        (One of the reasons I hate philosophy and prefer hard proof, you can literally reason anything into existence)
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  • Posted by CircuitGuy 11 years, 7 months ago
    It seems like created vs organic and eternal vs. impermanent are separate things.

    Infinity is a direction, not a number you can conceive of . As an a variable tends toward infinity, an expression may converge on a value. This does not mean we think of infinity as a number.

    The question of whether the universe was created does not seem like a scientific question to me. Science does experiments on things in the universe. I don't see a way for it to step outside the universe.
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    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
      1. Infinity is not a direction. It is not a "real number", "irrational number, "imaginary number" but it is a number. You are making the same mistake the Pythagorans mad with irrational numbers. Embrace infinity. It is logical.
      2. Of course it is a scientific question. It deals with the physical Universe.
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  • Posted by dave42 11 years, 7 months ago
    In an infinite universe (even one only infinite in time), any possible event, not matter how improbable, has not only occurred, but certainly has occurred (and also will occur again) an infinite number of times.

    Our current knowledge of the universe points to a "big bang" about 15B years ago. The question is what was there before that?
    1) Nothing. (How did the universe come into being?)
    2) A stable state of 'something'. (What destabilized it? Do Newton's laws apply in the metaverse, or only in this universe?)
    3) A prior universe that ended in a 'big crunch', the 'big bang' is the rebound. (Are fundamental physical constants and laws the same in the two universes, or different?)
    4) The universe is simulated, something analogous to a 'universe simulator program' running on some computer hardware somewhere; the question doesn't make sense, like "what program is running when the power is off?". (This begs the question: what about the next layer out. Is it also simulated? When do the layers of simulation end?)

    I can't think of any experiment that could distinguish the above cases.
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    • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
      In an effort to explain the missing anti-matter in the universe, I came up with the following idea which I posted on my zazle.com/thingslearned store. Any feedback appriciated..


      Matter and anti-matter are identical except they have opposite electrical charges.
      They are anti-particles.

      Einstein's equation reduces to its most famous form E = mc². In the 1930's physicists discovered the equation worked in both directions. That is, if enough energy exists in a given area, mass in the form of a pair of particles (electron and positron ) would be created, travel a short distance, then collide and annihilate each other with 100% of their mass would ending up as
      energy (E). This process takes an extremely short time; about 0.000000000000000001 of a second.

      Astronomers tell us that when big bang occurred there was an equal amount of matter and
      anti-matter created. Now, however, the anti-matter is missing.

      What if just prior to the big bang the only thing in existence was an enormous energy field and the universe is just an example of pair production writ large? Would the ratio of the combined masses of the pair to the time taken to complete the process be the same for the electron/positron pair as for the matter/anti-matter universe?

      The mass for an electron/positron pair is ≈ 1.8 X 10 ^ -30 Kg.

      The time span for an electron/positron pair from inception to destruction is ≈ 10 ^ -18 Sec

      Estimates for the mass of the universe range from 8 X 10 ^ 52 Kg to 1.4 X 10 ^ 53 Kg. X 2 to account for the anti-matter universe.

      The ratio for the election/positron pair is

      1.8 X 10 ^ -30 Kg
      ------------------------- ≈ 1.8 X 10 ^ -12
      1 X 10 ^ -18 Sec

      Hence, the ratio for the matter/anti-matter universes is

      2.8 X 10 ^ 53 Kg
      ------------------------ ≈ 1.8 X 10 ^ -12
      1.6 X 10 ^ 65 Sec

      And

      1.6 X 10 ^ 65 Sec ≈ 5.1 X 10 ^ 57 years

      Would be the time it will take for the matter/anti-matter universes to collide and disappear
      back into the energy field.

      Therefore, the universe has a beginning and an end, the missing anti-matter is accounted for,
      and simplicity is elegant.


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      • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
        this is above my pay grade. ;) My husband, who is a EE, MS Physics says this is quite interesting.
        His only sticking point is combining positron to electron would not always happen in that time frame. for example, a PET scan uses positrons longer(before annihilating) than you suggest, in order to be of use. Inventors rely on this all the time.
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    • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
      Big Bang: the most likely answer is something like a super black hole called a white hole(do NOT call me racist) and "universes" are being created all the time (possibly destroyed as well). I am not sure it follows, an infinite universe in time, every event has occurred and will occur an infinite number of times.
      So, to me, it requires a universe limited in size (present understanding does not square with).
      There is no reason to suggest that the basic rules of Physics would vary from one Universe to the next.
      Last comment is Platonic view of metaphysics. Rand does not prescribe to this, nor I.
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  • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
    Scientists and Physicists work with infinite concepts all the time, ie. Infinite Matrices. Conservation of Matter and Energy implies that tings have been here infinitely. it's like wrapping your head around imaginary numbers.
    What is one third expressed in decimal? There is infinity looking back at you. One cannot deny the logic of its existence.
    No deity needed to explain the concept of infinity. But understand, there have been all sorts of mathematicians who felt uncomfortable with the concept of 0 and infinity. Which is why the number 0 was not in use until around the 12th century AD. Wherever the logic and evidence takes you-it's when people fight the evidence or logic, is when they fail to make the discoveries that are right in front of their face. Two books for your pleasure and comfortability:
    http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Biography-Dan...
    (I did not like the book Non-Zero by the same author)
    http://www.amazon.com/Flatland-Romance-D...
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    • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
      As used in physics and mathematics, infinity and infinities are admissions of ignorance. For instance, the reason physicists tell you an object cannot meet or exceed the speed of light is as a result of Einstein's equation for the mass of an object in motion; Mm = Mo / √ 1 - V2/C2
      where M = mass of an object, C = speed of light in a vacuum, and V = the velocity of an object clearly shows that as V → C, the denominator → 0 and Mm → ∞.

      Therefore, he concluded that no object could travel at the speed of light and, in fact, could not even equal the speed of light. We still have no concept for infinite mass.

      I don't believe anyone has wrapped their mind around the physical meaning of the square root of minus one since someone stumbled on to it in the Middle Ages. We use it because it works.

      I still don't know if the Universe was created or is Eternal.
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      • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
        Quantum mechanics uses infinite matrices to understand quantum mechanical systems all the time. This is not an admission of ignorance(?). Mathematicians uses infinite sequences. Despite the fact that a decimal version of 1/9 is not a statement of ignorance, it is a profound statement of understanding.
        Phases in electrical signals are directly related to the the square root of negative one. That clearly shows people can "wrap their mind around the physical meaning."
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        • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
          OK I found it. please read http://www.spiritandflesh.com/Quantum_Ph... and you'll see that if these giants of physics were unhappy, I'm totally lost.
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          • Posted by khalling 11 years, 7 months ago
            well, I think Feynman's problems were in part due to not facing where the logic should have taken him. He did in fact create something very powerful and quite real however. That was my point above. Physicists work with infinity all the time creating real tangible physical things embodying the concept of infinity. They don't have to be able to explain it to know that it exists. I wasn't sure where you wanted to take this discussion, but the fact that we do not have all the answers is not a justification for a mystical answer.
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            • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
              I am neither a mystic nor religious. They both depend on Faith. As I said above, we have our five senses, Aristotle's logic and Galileo's scientific method which depend on our ability to employ Reason. Using all three, I am unable to prove whether the universe was created or has existed eternally. Can anything exist without a beginning?
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        • Posted by 11 years, 7 months ago
          I'm trying to find the relevant Richard Feynman quote as to how he and his co-Noble Prize winners "solved" the infinities problem. I'll post it when located.

          In the meantime, thanks for the book recommendation.
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